Exo 12:6
And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. (KJV).
6 And it will have been for you to watch ¹ it until the fourteenth day of this month. And they will have killed it, all the assembly of the congregation of Yisra’ēl, † between the settings. (EHSV).
וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת עַ֣ד אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר יֹ֖ום לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְשָׁחֲט֣וּ אֹתֹ֗ו כֹּ֛ל
קְהַ֥ל עֲדַֽת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃
† Hebrew often leaves off a simple pronoun after a verb where the English requires it. See also 12:5, “you may take it.” The text in this case might imply that one is to watch for the time of the offering if we think that the pronoun should not be added. Even if the pronoun is added, one still has to watch for the time of the offering. The text is traditionally taken to mean watching the lamb, or guarding it from the 10th to the 14th days. (EHSV by TorahTimes and https://biblehub.com/hebrew/haarbayim_6153.htm)
Subject Glossary:
1. Passover – Background and Context.
2. Whose Passover is it? Is it another Jewish Feast?
3. When exactly is Passover? The month, the day, and time.
4. Between ‘the settings’ explained.
5. Can an evening to evening day template accommodate the Passover chronology?
1. Background and Context.
The appointed time of Passover (pasaḥti “to leap over”, or “to spring over”) or Pesach, is in one sentence, the decisive act whereby YoHeVaH brought all the Tribes of Israel and those that had grafted themselves in to be delivered from slavery and bondage to Pharaoh in Egypt, through the covering of the blood of an innocent and unblemished Lamb.
From Exodus 7-10, Yhvh brings 9 plagues on Egypt and Pharaoh, through Moses. After enduring much destruction and pain, Pharaoh would still not let Israel go. Finally, YHVH tells Moses that He will bring one more Plague on Egypt (Ex 11:1-6).
Exo 11:1.
And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague (stroke) more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.
1 Then Yăhwēh said unto Mōshēh, “Yet one plague more I will bring upon Phara̒ōh, and upon Egypt. After such he will send you from here. As he sends you, driving he shall drive you from here completely. EHSV.
Exo 11:5.
And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. (KJV).
5 And will have died all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Phara̒ōh, the one sitting upon his throne, onward to the firstborn of the maid-servant which is behind the mill, and all the firstborn of cattle. (EHSV).
Exo 11:6.
And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. (KJV).
6 And there will have been a great cry in all the land of Egypt, that the like of it has not been, and the like of it will not be ¹again. (EHSV).
In Exo 12:21 through to verse 30, precise details and guidelines are provided that every household should kill a lamb, and apply it’s blood as a sign, so that death would not come into their houses. This provision, along with its ultimate pronouncement of either death or life would apply to Egyptian and Hebrew firstborn, there was no respecter of person.
2. Whose Passover is it? Is it another Jewish Feast?
YHVH also said that this is His Passover (Ex 12:11), not Israel’s and that it was an ordinance and appointment forever (Ex 12:14).
Exo 12:11.
And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD’S Passover. (KJV).
11 And this way, you shall eat it: with your hips girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand, and you will have eaten it in haste. It is the Passover for Yăhwēh. ( EHSV).
Exo 12:14.
And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever. (KJV)
14 And this day will have become a remembrance (or a memorial) for you, and you will have feasted on it a feast to Yăhwēh. For your generations you will feast on it as an everlasting statute. (EHSV).
3. When exactly is Passover? The Month, the Day, and time.
From the three rulings and basic cultural knowledge of the choices for adding a month to the year we may infer exactly how Israel regulated their lunar year in relation to the solar year.
These precise and specific details provided the nation of Israel and those grafted in on how they were to determine the exact Passover date – the first Spring appointed time chronologically. It is imperative why it is so important to get this date correct, if not, all other Appointed Dates are thrown into confusion from Shavu’ot to the Last Great Day.
Numbers 28:2.
Make to be commanded the sons of Yisra’ēl: And you will have said unto them, “My offering, my bread, for my fire, my soothing aroma, you will watch to make it come near to me in its appointed time.
The First Ruling – From Days to Days.
Exo 13:10.
Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year. (KJV).
10 And you will have kept this statute at its appointed time from days to days.† (EHSV).
וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֛ אֶת־הַחֻקָּ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְמֹועֲדָ֑הּ מִיָּמִ֖ים יָמִֽימָה׃ ס
מִיָּמִים יָמִימָה mi̱yyami̱m yami̱mah = from days to days. It is not from “year to year,” a phrase which goes שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה shanah beshanah (cf. 1 Sam. 1:7). “Days to days” is put so that we should know what the definition of a year is. A year is 365 or 366 days, and the idiom means from one set up such days to the next set of such days. The movements of the sun go in a cycle and fix the number of days in a year. When the visible sun sets due west, or the day on which it first sets due west, or just north of due west, in going from winter to spring, is the first day of spring. This point occurs on the western horizon exactly between the winter solstice and the summer solstice. It is also called the equinox. A year is the time it takes the sun to move from one equinox to the next. For after one such cycle, it simply repeats all of its movements.
The Second Ruling – Not to delay your offerings.
Exo 22:29.
Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me. (KJV).
29 Your fullness of produce, and your weeping you may not make to be delayed. (EHSV).
The Third Ruling – Three feasts by foot in a year.
Exo 23:14.
Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year. (KJV).
14 Three foot journeys you will feast to me in the year: (EHSV)
The fact that Passover occurs in Spring and the requirement that three feasts occur within one year of so many days shows that the Exodus Memorial Feast must not occur earlier than the same day the year begins or when the Equinox occurs.
With the year being referred to in as so many days in the text of Exodus 13:10, proves that the cycle of the year is calculated in terms of a certain number of days only, being 365 and 366 days for a leap year . This also corresponds to a month being either 29 and no more than 30 days.
In other words, if the Equinox occurs on the 14th of Aviv/Nisan the Appointed Time of Passover/Unleavened Bread has fallen in the NEW YEAR accounting of days and NOT in the previous year of days.
If the Equinox occurs on the 15th day of Aviv/Nisan the Appointed Time of Passover/Unleavened Bread has fallen in the NEW YEAR accounting of days and NOT in the previous year of days.
If the Equinox is calculated to occur on the 16th day of Aviv/Nisan the Appointed Time of Passover/Unleavened Bread will have occurred in the OLD YEAR accounting of days and an intercalated Adar II (a 13th month must be added). Failure to observe this ruling would violate Exodus 23:14.
The Month of the Biblical Calendar Year.
Exo 12:2.
This month of Passover would commence the beginning of the new year. (KJV).
2 This month for you, is the head of months. It is the head-most for you, of the months of the year. (EHSV).
הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשֹׁ֥ון הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃
This month for you, is the head of months. It is headmost for you, of the months of the year.† It is the headmost, or the first month of the year. This is the month of A̕viv (Nisan).
The first day of the month is NOT new years day. This is a false doctrine of men. The moon signals the new month, but the sun defines the year and day. The year begins when the sun completes its cycle and begins it again. This does not happen on a new moon day, because the new moon is when the moon has completed its cycle, and begins it again. How then is the first month to be the first month of the year? The day also begins when the sun rises at daybreak or dawn and completes its cycle again at sunrise. See: https://www.hebraic-roots.com/when-does-a-genesis-day-begin
The first day of the first month of the year hardly ever lands on the new year day, because 12 lunar months can never divide the year equally. It is not called the first month because the new moon comes on the new year day. If this were so, then 12 lunar months would divide the year equally, but it is an astronomical fact that it does not divide the year equally. It is called the first month because it is the first month for which half of the month (or more than half of it) is in the new year, which is to say more precisely, the 16th day and onward has to be in the new year. Sunset at the end of the 15th day has to be in the new year for the month to be the first month. And if the new year begins after sunset at the end of the 15th day of the 13th month, then not enough of that month falls in the new year to name it the first month. It must become Second Adar.
So to determine the new year day, the sun must be watched to see when it repeats its cycle. If a new moon falls too far before the start of the year, then too much of the month assigned to that moon falls in the old year. And even though some days of that month may fall in the new year, they are not enough to make the month the first month of the year. The key point is that the Second Passover offering must be eaten in the new year, and the eating of this occurs between sunset at the end of Nisan 15 and daybreak on Nisan 16. The commandment is that three times in the year a feast shall be to Yăhwēh. Therefore, this feast must be in the new year, after the end of the days of the old year (cf. Ex. 13:10; Gen. 4:3).
Technical details: During the year, the point of sunset along the western horizon moves from due west to a fixed point north of due west. This is the longest day of summer. Then it moves south again past west to a point south of due west. This is the longest day of winter, and then it moves back north until it reaches due west. This point is the beginning of the year and spring. The sun takes 365 or 366 days to complete the cycle.
The year begins on the first day that the apparent sunset reaches the due west point moving northward along the horizon in the spring. The sun changes location on the horizon about a whole diameter each day at this time, so the western setting is not hard to determine with good accuracy. The year is the number of days that it takes the sun to go through summer, fall, and winter, and to return to the western setting in the spring. It is thus 365 or 366 days long.
Each month has 29 or 30 days. Every month has a 15th day. The first month for which the following condition holds true just after winter is the first month: When sunset on the 15th day of a month falls due west or north of due west, then that month is the first month.
The first day of a month is the day following the visible sighting of a new moon. Local sighting is permitted, but sighting anywhere within the boundary of greater Israel is the preferred legal definition.
The modern Rabbinic calendar is in error on two points. Firstly, the western setting point upon which it is based was visibly observed sometime in the second or third century, and then calculations have been relied on ever since to determine the day on which every recurring western setting would occur. But the Rabbinically determined length of the year was not perfectly accurate. Therefore, their calculated beginning of the year occurs some seven days after the actual beginning of the year. This causes the first month to be skipped over about 1/4 of the time, and the second month to be incorrectly made into the first month on the Rabbinic calendar. This error translates through to all the festivals for a year in which it occurs.
The second Rabbinic error occurs due to the fact that the new moon is not determined by a simple visible sighting, but rather by a complex set of traditional rules finalized sometime between the years AD 900-1100. The effect of this error is that the new moon day is often a day too early, and also for the first and seventh months, it causes the feast days and Yom Kippur to fall on the wrong days.
The blessing of the tribe of Yehūdah, it should be noted, says, “The staff‡ shall not turn aside from Yehūdah, and one making rules from between his feet past that time he will come who belongs¹ to †it, and to him is the obedience of the peoples.” For good or for ill, Yehūdah is still making rules, but the obedience of Ephraim belongs to Messiah. So it is necessary to say no to the traditions of Yehūdah where they contradict Messiah’s commandments. (Ref: Daniel Gregg – TorahTimes)
Day 10 of the Month of Aviv / Nisan.
Exo 12:3.
Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house. (KJV).
3 Speak unto all the congregation of Yisra’ēl, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month, then they shall take, each man for themselves a lamb, one for the house of each of the fathers, a lamb for the house. (EHSV)
Day 14 of the Month of Aviv / Nisan.
Exo 12:6a.
And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month. (KJV).
6a And it will have been for you to watch ¹ it until the fourteenth day of this month.
Day 14 of the Month of Aviv / Nisan and Hour of the day .
Exo 12:6b.
and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. (KJV).
6b And they will have killed it, all the assembly of the congregation of Yisra’ēl, † between the settings. (EHSV).
וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת עַ֣ד אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר יֹ֖ום לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְשָׁחֲט֣וּ אֹתֹ֗ו כֹּ֛ל
קְהַ֥ל עֲדַֽת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃
4. Between ‘the Settings’ Explained.
בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם bēi̱n ha‘arbayim = between the settings. Or between noon and sunset, as is proved from the precepts for the daily offering and prayer time, or at about 3 p.m., or the 9th hour of the day.
Yeshua died at the 9th hour:
Mat. 27:46.
And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? (KJV).
46 And about the ninth hour Yҽs̆ hua cried out with a loud voice, saying, ξ “Ęli, Ęli,
Lamah Ȿeʋaqtani?,” that is, “My Gŏd, my Gŏd, why have you forsaken me? ξ”(Good News of Messiah by Daniel Gregg).
The hour of incense and prayer:
Luke 1:10
And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense. (KJV).
10 And the ξ whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of the incense offering. (Good News of Messiah).
1:10 ξ→multitude: The largest crowd. Thus it was Ȿabbaȶh, IV.23 (July 6, 3 BC), about 3 pm.
Acts 3:1.
Now Peter and John went up together into the temple at the hour of prayer, being the ninth hour. (KJV).
3 Now Peter and Yoɦanan were going up to the Temple at the μ ninth hour, the hour of prayer. (Good News of Messiah)
3:1 μ This was the hour of the incense offering between the settings in the Temple.
Exo 30:8.And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations. (KJV).
8 And in A̕harōn’s making go up the lamps between the settings, he shall make it smoke incense-smoke continually before the face of Yăhwēh into your generations. (EHSV).
וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֛ת בֵּ֥ין הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִם יַקְטִירֶ֑נָּה קְטֹ֧רֶת תָּמִ֛יד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
“Between the settings” is likewise used to designate the time that the temple incense is burned.
Numbers 28:4.The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer at even; (KJV).
4 The first lamb you will do in the daybreak, and the second lamb, you will do between the settings. (EHSV).
אֶת־הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂ אֶחָ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה בַבֹּ֑קֶר וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֥ין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם׃
According to Numbers 28:4, the second daily offering was burned “between the settings” on the same day as the first offering at daybreak.
Acts 10:3.
He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius. (KJV).
3 About the ninth hour of the day he clearly saw in a vision the μMessenger, the Almĭghty One, come to him, and say to him, “Cornelius!”
Acts 10:30.
And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing, (KJV).
30 And Cornelius said, “From the fourth day until this hour, I was praying in my house during the ninth hour. And behold, a man stood before me in shining garments,
History places this at the 9th hour of the day, and explains why worship and prayer was conducted at this hour.
5. Can Passover fit a Creation Evening to Evening Day?
Genesis 1:5, and When does a Genesis Day Begin – in the Evening or Morning? Plus, The sunrise to sunrise day material grammatically, and scripturally provides sufficient detail and fact to determine accordingly, when the day cycle is to be tabulated from. Failure to recognise this feature will cause the avid Bible student no end of issues trying to chronologically streamline the Temple Services, the Passover and the Exodus and the Death and Resurrection of Messiah Yeshua as they simply just won’t fit in anything other than a sunrise to sunrise day cycle.
Let’s take a look at some key scriptures applicable to the Passover and the Exodus from Egypt and Pharaoh’s hand. Let’s read these carefully and see if they can be placed in the evening to evening template day:
Lev 7:15.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be (a) eaten the same day that (b) it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning. (KJV).
15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of the thanksgiving for his well being, on the same day of his offering will be eaten. He may not let remain from it until (c) daybreak. (EHSV).
וּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תֹּודַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו בְּיֹ֥ום קָרְבָּנֹ֖ו יֵאָכֵ֑ל לֹֽא־יַנִּ֥יחַ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃
(a) eaten the same day.
Q: When was the sacrifice traditionally eaten?
(b) eaten but still the same day that it is offered.
Q: When was the sacrifice offered?
(c) let not anything remain by morning.
Q: The sacrifice was eaten after sunset, what follows night in the solar cycle?
Since an offering may be brought at any time of day or night, this regulation defines the start and end of a day for the purposes of sacrifice. The same day will end at daybreak or dawn.
If an offering is brought at noon on a day, then the same day is reckoned until the next daybreak, or just before the light appears at dawn. At whatever time the offering is made, it must be eaten or burned before the next daybreak. The same day is reckoned from daybreak to daybreak. It must be eaten the same day it is offered. So if it is offered at noon, then it must be eaten by the next daybreak. If offered an hour before sunset, it must be eaten before the next dawn.
Contrary to the traditions of men, the day for all sacrificial purposes, including Mĕssiah’s sacrificial death and resurrection is from daybreak to daybreak.
Note: “same” is correctly interpolated by the King James Version. There is no way to break the Hebrew down into any other sense: בְּיוֹם קָרְבָּנוֹ = on the day of offering of it.
If the day is reckoned to end at sunset, then an offering made in the afternoon of one day is allowed by this verse to be eaten in the night following before daybreak, but this would be two days, and that would contradict the command that it be eaten the day it is offered. The false teaching, therefore, is the tradition that a day begins at sunset.
(Excerpt Explained by Daniel Gregg at Torahtimes).
Shall we now transpose this into the correct sunrise to sunrise cycle day according to scripture and see if Leviticus 7:15 fits?
Yes it does! Now let’s move on to a few other events to see if they will fit the false chronology of an evening to evening day?
Exo 12:22. The offering for the Passover in Egypt
And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. (KJV).
22 And you will have taken a bunch of hyssop, and you will have dipped it in the blood which is in the basin, and you will have struck unto the lintel and unto the two doorposts, from the blood which is in the basin. And you, you will not go out, each, from the door of his house until the daybreak. (EHSV).
Deut 16:1.
Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night.
1 Observe ¹ the month † of the ² Aviv And you will have done Passover for Yăhwēh your Almighty, because in the month of the Aviv Yăhwēh your Almighty made you go out from Egypt by night. ‡
They went out by night, but they did not leave their houses until daybreak (Exodus 12:22b). How do we explain this? We explain this because the Passover under discussion in this chapter is an added memorial offering for the Exodus.
The Passover offering in Exodus 12 was the offering for the Passover in Egypt. The offering for the Passover in Egypt is made on the afternoon, or between the settings of Nisan 14 and the eating of it at night, (which is still Nisan 14 in terms of the calendar day they were using).
The second offering is the memorial of the Exodus. This takes place in the late afternoon of Nisan 15, and is eaten that night as a memorial of the Exodus. This is because they went out of Egypt by night after the day part of the 15th.
The 15th of Nisan, by a calendar day extends from daybreak on the 15th to daybreak on the 16th. This additional legislation was given in the 40th year after Passover.
(Excerpt Explained by Daniel Gregg at Torahtimes).
To be continued . . . .